Brain

Thrombotic infarct

Watershed infarcts

Venous sinus thrombosis

Hemorrhagic stroke

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

Subdural hematoma

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)

Non-accidental trauma

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (adult)

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (child)

Carbon monoxide toxicity

Wernicke encephalopathy

Osmotic demyelination

Hyperammonemic encephalopathy

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

Low grade glioma

High grade glioma

Brain metastases

Leptomeningeal disease

Meningitis

Cerebritis

Cerebral abscess

Neurotoxoplasmosis

Cryptococcal meningitis

Tuberculous meningitis

Herpes encephalitis

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

Ventriculitis

Complicated frontal sinusitis with subdural empyema

Neurocysticercosis

Neurosarcoidosis

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

Obstructive hydrocephalus

Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Invasive mucormycosis

Optic neuritis

Pituitary apoplexy

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

Ventriculitis

Skull base osteomyelitis

Dural venous sinus thrombosis

Hydrocephalus

Cerebral cavernous malformations (cavernomas)

Osmotic demyelination

Possible Wernicke encephalopathy

Neurosarcoidosis

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Meningitis with infarct, arteritis, and venous thrombosis

Multiple sclerosis with active demyelination

Intraventricular hemorrhage

Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation

Retinal detachment

Normal newborn

Amyloid angiopathy with superficial siderosis

Internal carotid artery occlusion

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (child) with retinal hemorrhage

Meningitis and venous sinus thrombosis

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

Intracranial hypotension

Neurocysticercosis

Subtle meningitis

Nonketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea-hemiballism

Orbital pseudotumor

Herpes encephalitis

Lymphocytic hypophysitis (infundibulohypophysitis)

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (adult)

Ischemic optic neuropathy

Atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

Infarcts with petechial hemorrhage

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Cerebellitis

Low grade glioma vs encephalitis

Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome

Frontal sinusitis with epidural abscess and subgaleal abscess

Newborn intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), infarcts, and seizure

Caput succedaneum

Incidental parotid lesion

Abscess/cerebritis, meningitis, cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC)

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), multicompartmental intracranial hemorrhage

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)

Ruptured dermoid cyst

Meningoencephalitis

Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion

Balo concentric sclerosis

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

Behçet disease

Artery of Percheron infarct

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)

Invasive fungal sinusitis

Developmental venous anomaly (DVA)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)

Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS)